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Insta-皇后区
案例简介：有没有想过如果伊丽莎白女王一世或玛丽·安托瓦内特的Instagram今天还活着会是什么样子？或者他们今天的 “价值克的珠宝” 到底要花多少钱？ 别再奇怪了。钻石珠宝专家，钻石工厂，重新想象了一些历史上最有争议和最迷人的人物的肖像，并在短短的几段中总结了他们奇妙的生活故事。这些神奇的娱乐活动展示了玛丽·安托瓦内特，伊丽莎白女王一世，埃及艳后，布迪卡，吴泽坦，凯瑟琳大帝和苏格兰玛丽女王的新光-精确地再现了他们心爱的珠宝!埃及艳后 (公元前69-30年) 克娄巴特拉 (Cleopatra) 于公元前51年控制了埃及，是埃及最后一位在位法老。尽管她以传说中的美丽而闻名，但消息来源却反驳说，她的才智和社交技巧使她如此着迷。欧洲以外的许多作家和研究人员主要记得她是学者。 克娄巴特拉 (Cleopatra) 控制着她的描绘方式-经常根据政治需要改变她的演讲方式。有时，她会选择被展示为女神，而在埃及硬币上，她选择与父亲坚强的下巴一起展示，以提醒人们她的继承力量。埃及艳后聪明又精巧，在她的时代也被公认为时尚偶像。她以古怪的化妆风格和豪华的珠宝而闻名。事实上，她非常喜欢她的珠宝，有传言说她甚至沐浴在珠宝中。 钻石工厂的钻石珠宝顾问詹姆斯·哈里斯 (James Harris) 估计，以今天的货币计算，埃及艳后的珠宝衣领价值约为130万英镑。在此期间，这种大小和质量的项圈是由彩陶，金属或半宝石的各个元素制成的。 埃及艳后的纯金蛇形袖口 (今天价值约120,000英镑) 和戒指 (18,000英镑) 是当时的时尚宣言，对当今的珠宝时尚产生了持久的影响。 经过20年的统治，克娄巴特拉决定结束自己的生命 (与情人马克·安东尼 (Mark Anthony) 达成协议)，以避免因被当作罗马人的囚徒而受到羞辱。虽然没有具体证据，但最流行的理论是她允许埃及眼镜蛇咬她。她的死终结了埃及帝国。玛丽·安托瓦内特 (1755 - 1793) 玛丽·安东尼埃特 (Marie Antoniette) 以在法国挨饿的农民面前炫耀自己的奢侈生活方式以及背叛法国君主制以保护她的奥地利家庭而闻名。她的生活充斥着丑闻和阴谋。如今，她的名字与法国君主制道德权威的下降有关，她经常被用作财富和贪婪的象征。 1755年，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 出生于奥地利维也纳的公主，年仅14岁就嫁给了法国国王路易十六。路易斯被认为是一个软弱的政治人物，但在担任女王期间，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 试图以自己的方式恢复丈夫的政治权威。十几岁的时候，她的存在吸引了大批人群，因此广受欢迎并受到公众的喜爱。但是，她后来的脱节行为很快就削弱了她的良好声誉。 当她的人民遭受饥荒之苦时，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 委托了自己的童话花园 (Petit Hameau)，穿着价值数百万美元的礼服和珠宝-所有人都羡慕不已。她还卷入了引发法国大革命的丑闻，被称为 “钻石项链事件”。路易十五为他的妻子委托了一条项链，价值200万livres (请参阅安托瓦内特左手持有的项链) (今天约1500-1900万英镑)，该项链在1785年被盗。尽管女王实际上没有参与，但涉案人员使用玛丽·安托瓦内特 (Marie Antoinette) 的名字来促成丑闻。尽管如此，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 仍因丑闻而遭受八卦和嘲笑，这使她声名狼藉。 哈里斯估计安托瓦内特脖子上的珍珠项链价值30,000英镑。 伊丽莎白女王一世 (1533 - 1603) 伊丽莎白女王一世 (Queen Elizabeth I) 被称为 “处女女王”，是最后一位都铎君主。1566年，她无视议会强迫她结婚的企图，宣布她已嫁给自己的国家。作为亨利八世和安妮·博林的女儿，伊丽莎白有一个非常孤独和麻烦的童年。甚至有人声称，她的远方父亲经常斩首妻子，这促使她庄严地承诺永远不会结婚。 伊丽莎白非常聪明，精通英语，法语，拉丁语和意大利语。她还接受过艺术，音乐和书法方面的教育。她还是一位鼓舞人心的演讲者，并在战前演讲中唤醒了她的部下，以击败1588年的西班牙舰队 (当时最大的军队力量之一)。 然而，尽管她受过良好教育的职位和家庭权利，英国罗马天主教徒反抗她的统治，转而支持她的天主教堂兄玛丽，苏格兰女王，希望让英格兰再次成为天主教徒。为了捍卫自己的地位，伊丽莎白将玛丽软禁了18年，然后判处她死刑，因为她担心玛丽会威胁到她的王冠。 伊丽莎白的王冠很可能是用黄金和钻石、红宝石、祖母绿、蓝宝石、珐琅和梨制成的-根据詹姆斯的估计，它的价值约为100万英镑。伊丽莎白女王在肖像中佩戴的戒指几乎绝对属于女王 (根据发现地点)。 金戒指上装饰有白色钻石，珍珠母和表切红宝石。在挡板上找到的字母 “e” 和 “r” 代表伊丽莎白和里贾纳 (意思是女王)，而挡板的背面装饰有珐琅凤凰。今天购买的费用约为150,000英镑。 凯瑟琳大帝 (1729 - 1796) 凯瑟琳大帝认为自己是在位期间欧洲最开明的统治者之一。而且，即使在今天，许多历史学家也同意。尽管她实际上不是俄罗斯人，但她是俄罗斯有史以来执政时间最长的女性领导人。凯瑟琳于1729年出生于一位贫穷的普鲁士王子，她出生时的名字实际上是索菲·冯·安哈尔特·泽尔布斯特。她以受过良好教育，举止彬彬有礼和渴望取悦而闻名，她的前途光明。 她被选为与荷尔斯泰因-戈托普公爵卡尔·彼得·乌尔里希 (Karl Peter Ulrich) 结婚，彼得大帝的孙子，14岁时成为俄罗斯王位的继承人。他们在1745年8月结婚，索菲 (Sophie) 采用了凯瑟琳 (Catherine) 的名字，卡尔 (Karl) 将其改为彼得 (Peter)，以遵循传统。凯瑟琳和彼得的婚姻不稳定，在她继承王位之前已经过去了8年。虽然，有传言说她的长子和她的其他孩子也是私生子。 凯瑟琳的加冕典礼见证了俄罗斯帝国王冠的委托，尽管她在肖像中佩戴的王冠类似于较小的帝国王冠。帝国王冠由4,936颗钻石 (32,800克拉)，74颗珍珠和1颗红色尖晶石组成，价值1.5亿英镑。较小的帝国王冠在风格和工艺上与伟大的帝国王冠非常相似，只是更小，完全镶有钻石，是为保罗一世的配偶玛丽亚·费奥多罗芙娜皇后制作的，用于沙皇加冕。 最终，凯瑟琳在政变中推翻了她极其不受欢迎的丈夫的统治。1762年，凯瑟琳迅速收集了该国最强大的军事力量的支持，并安排了他在被囚禁中丧生的地方被捕。凯瑟琳 (Catherine) 统治期间经历了十多次起义，并引领了最新的医疗实践。她甚至是接种的早期代言人，尽管周围存在争议，但仍接受了一定剂量的天花接种。尽管她像前任一样大大扩大了俄罗斯的领土，但她并没有采取任何措施来阻止或阻止其人民遭受极端贫困的困扰。 凯瑟琳喜欢钻石。她脖子上的蝴蝶结项链由一条27颗垫层切割钻石的银带和一个带状镶钻扣组成。据信是1760年至1780年之间由凯瑟琳专门委托的。哈里斯估计它的价值约为320万英镑。凯瑟琳手中的翡翠项链也是她珍藏的珠宝的一部分，今天价值约400万英镑。 武则天 (624 - 705) 武则天出生于一个富裕的家庭，在鼓励她阅读和学习政府事务，写作，文学和音乐的过程中，她对那个时代的女性受过不同寻常的教育。 年仅14岁的她在598年至649年之间被视为太宗皇帝的贵妃。Concubinage是男人和女人之间的人际关系和性关系，夫妻俩不想或无法缔结完整的婚姻。然而，当她开始在法庭上生活时，她的美丽和智慧激发了皇帝任命她为秘书。 吴开始与皇帝的儿子高宗皇帝有染，并在与妻子结婚后被召唤为他的昭仪 (最高级别的conc妃)。她怀孕了，但不幸的是在出生后不久就失去了女儿。一些历史学家认为，吴可能实际上杀死了自己的孩子，以陷害王皇后 (高宗的妻子)，这是一种嫉妒的行为，因为她后来指控王被谋杀。 后来，在迫使儿子屈服后，吴皇后宣布自己是 “周朝” 的统治者。尽管她组织了一系列谋杀案，包括自己家庭中的一些谋杀案，但吴还是一位非常受欢迎和喜爱的君主。但是，她进行了许多受欢迎的公共改革，其中一些是她的人民直接提出的，并经历了一个积极的经济时期，中国的生活水平得到了极大的改善。 吴泽坦戴着中国凤凰皇冠 (价值约3000万英镑)。这种皇冠是明代女性贵族的传统礼仪头饰肮脏的时代，装饰着凤凰、龙、云和花的雕像。颓废的头饰由黄金、天蓝色翠鸟羽毛、珍珠和其他宝石制成，重量为2-3千克。 布迪卡 (公元30-60年) 布迪卡 (Boudica) 是一位英国女王，他在公元60年领导了反对罗马统治的起义。她的丈夫Prasutagus是Iceni的国王，现在被称为诺福克。当他去世时，罗马人吞并了他的王国并羞辱了他的家人。 因此，布迪卡 (Boudica) 在整个东安格利亚 (East Anglia) 发起了大规模叛乱。她和她的女儿们一直没有透露姓名，成为这场激进叛乱的领袖。Boudica的受欢迎程度和影响力激怒了一支庞大而忠诚的军队。但是，尽管她的军队大大超过了罗马人，但他们还是输掉了这场战斗。 一些历史学家认为她在战争失败后不久就自杀了。但是，有些人还认为她死于休克，疾病或战伤。即使在今天，她仍然被认为是英国的民族女英雄。 克里斯蒂拍卖行以22,500 2012年英镑的价格出售了一种类似于Boudica装饰的凯尔特人的torc。 玛丽，苏格兰女王 (1542 - 1587) 作为苏格兰国王詹姆斯五世唯一幸存的合法孩子，玛丽在父亲因无缘无故去世并统治直到1567年被迫退位后仅6天成为女王。据认为，她将姓氏的拼写从斯图尔特 (Stewart) 更改为斯图尔特 (Stuart)，以使法国人在1558年与弗朗西斯·多芬 (Francis Dauphin) 结婚之前更容易发音。 受过良好教育的玛丽精通拉丁语，法语和低地的苏格兰方言，并且精通意大利语，西班牙语和希腊语。众所周知，她非常漂亮，通过用白葡萄酒洗脸来保持光滑的肤色，这在当时是一种非常时尚且昂贵的美容习惯。她最喜欢的消遣之一是高尔夫，据信她创造了 “球童” 一词，因为军校学员会为皇家球员携带俱乐部。然而，有记录表明，她在丈夫去世几天后就因玩自己喜欢的游戏而被冷血。 作为对英国王位的威胁，在许多英国天主教徒的支持下，玛丽被她的堂兄伊丽莎白女王在英格兰软禁了18年。最终，玛丽因密谋杀害伊丽莎白而被判处死刑。由于execution子手几次成功将她斩首，因此她的处决遭到了失败。更重要的是，玛丽的宠物犬被藏在她的长袍下，在她的头掉到地板上后哭泣，然后躺在血泊中。 玛丽手中的十字架很可能属于女王，因为它是在她的卧室里发现的。根据哈里斯的说法，这个宗教十字架是由银、乌木和尼洛制成的，据认为价值约10,000 gb。玛丽的珍珠项链和头饰被认为累计价值600万英镑。在伊丽莎白女王 (1558 - 1603) 统治期间，珍珠比其他任何珠宝都更珍贵，因为我们还无法人工制造它们。
Insta-皇后区
案例简介：Ever wondered what Queen Elizabeth I or Marie Antoinette's Instagram might look like if they were alive today? Or exactly how much their 'Gram-worthy jewels would cost today? Well, wonder no more. Diamond jewellery specialists, Diamonds Factory, have re-imagined the portraits of some of history’s most controversial and fascinating personas and summarised their fantastic life stories in just a few short paragraphs. These magical recreations show Marie Antoinette, Queen Elizabeth I, Cleopatra, Boudica, Wu Zeitan, Catherine the Great and Mary Queen of Scots in a new light - with accurate recreations of their beloved jewels! Cleopatra (69 - 30 BC) Cleopatra assumed control of Egypt in 51 BC and was the last reigning pharaoh of Egypt. Although she was renowned for her fabled beauty, sources contradict that her intelligence and social skills were what made her so mesmerising. Many writers and researchers outside of Europe remembered her primarily as a scholar. Cleopatra controlled the way she was portrayed - often changing her presentation according to political needs. Sometimes, she would choose to be shown as a Goddess, while on Egyptian coins she chose to be shown with her father’s strong jawline to remind people of her inherited power. Smart and calculated, Cleopatra was also recognised as a fashion icon during her time. She was well-known for her eccentric makeup style and luxurious jewellery. In fact, she was so fond of her jewels that it’s rumoured she even bathed in them. James Harris, Diamond Jewellery Consultant at Diamonds Factory estimates that in today’s currency, Cleopatra’s jewelled collar would be worth approximately £1.3 million. Collars of this size and quality in this period were crafted from individual elements of faience, metal, or semi-precious stone. Cleopatra’s solid gold serpentine cuff (worth approximately £120,000 today) and ring (£18,000) were fashion statements at the time which have had a lasting impact on jewellery fashion today. After ruling for 20 years, Cleopatra decided to take her own life (in a pact with her lover, Mark Anthony) in order to avoid being humiliated by being paraded as a prisoner of the Romans. While there’s no concrete evidence, the most popular theory is that she allowed an Egyptian cobra to bite her. Her death ended the Egyptian empire. Marie Antoinette (1755 - 1793) Marie Antoniette is known for flaunting her lavish lifestyle in front of France’s starving peasants and for betraying the French monarchy to protect her Austrian family. Her life was rife with scandal and intrigue. Nowadays, her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy and she is often used as a symbol of wealth and greed. Born a princess in Vienna, Austria, in 1755, Antoinette was married off to French King Louis XVI at just 14 years old. Louis was seen as a weak political figure, but, during her time as queen, Antoinette attempted to restore her husband’s political authority in the ways she could. As a teenager, she was hugely popular and well-loved by the public with her presence summoning masses of crowds. But, her later out of touch behaviours quickly diminished her good reputation. While her people suffered tremendously from famine, Antoinette commissioned her own fairytale garden (Petit Hameau) and wore gowns and jewels that were worth millions - much the envy of everyone. She was also involved in the scandal which sparked the French Revolution, known as ‘The Affair of the Diamond Necklace’. Louis XV commissioned a necklace for his wife worth two million livres (see the necklace held in Antoinette’s left hand) (around £15-19 million today) which was stolen in 1785. Those involved used the name of Marie Antoinette to facilitate the scandal, though the Queen actually had no involvement. Despite this, Antoinette suffered gossip and ridicule as a result of the scandal which contributed to her terrible reputation. Harris estimates the worth of the pearl necklace around Antoinette’s neck would be worth £30,000. Queen Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) Queen Elizabeth I, famously known as the ‘Virgin Queen’, was the last Tudor monarch. In 1566 she defied parliament’s attempts to force her to marry, declaring that she was married to her country. As the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boelyn, Elizabeth had a very lonely and troubled childhood. It’s even alleged that her distant father’s frequent beheading of his wives prompted her solemn promise to never marry. Elizabeth was highly intelligent and fluent in English, French, Latin and Italian. She was also educated in arts, music and calligraphy. She was also an inspiring speaker and roused her men in a pre-battle speech to defeat the Spanish Armada (one of the greatest army powers at the time) in 1588. However, despite her well-educated position and her family entitlement, English Roman Catholics rebelled against her reign and instead supported her Catholic cousin Mary, Queen of Scotland, in the hopes of making England Catholic once more. To defend her position, Elizabeth placed Mary under an 18-year house arrest before sentencing her to death as she feared Mary would be a threat to her crown. Elizabeth’s crown would have likely been made of gold with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, enamel and pears -and be worth around £1 million based on James’ estimations. The ring worn by Queen Elizabeth in the portrait almost definitely actually belonged to the queen (based upon where it was found). The gold ring is adorned with white diamonds, mother-of-pearl and table-cut rubies. The letters ‘E’ and ‘R’ found on the bezel stand for Elizabeth and Regina (meaning queen), while the back of the bezel is decorated with an enamel phoenix. This would cost around £150,000 to purchase today. Catherine the Great (1729 – 1796) Catherine the Great considered herself to be one of the most enlightened rulers in Europe during her reign. And, even today, many historians agree. Although she wasn’t actually Russian, she was the longest-ruling female leader Russia ever had. Catherine was born to an impoverished Prussian prince in 1729, her name at birth was actually Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst. Known for being well-educated, well-mannered and eager to please, she had a bright future ahead of her. She was chosen to marry Karl Peter Ulrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, grandson of Peter the Great and heir to the throne of Russia at age 14. They got married in August 1745 and Sophie adopted the name Catherine and Karl changed his to Peter to follow tradition. Catherine and Peter had an unstable marriage and 8 years passed before she bore an heir to the throne. Although, it’s rumoured that her eldest son was illegitimate along with her other children too. Catherine’s coronation saw the commission of the imperial crown of Russia, though the crown she is wearing in the portrait resembles the lesser imperial crown. The imperial crown consists of 4,936 diamonds (32,800 carats), 74 pearls and 1 red spinel and is worth £150 million. The Lesser Imperial Crown was very similar in style and workmanship to the Great Imperial Crown, only smaller and entirely set with diamonds, made for Empress Maria Feodorovna, the consort of Paul I, that was used for the coronation of the Tsarina. Eventually, Catherine overthrew her extremely unpopular husband’s rule in a coup. In 1762, Catherine quickly gathered the support of the country’s most powerful military forces and arranged for his arrest where he died in captivity. Catherine faced down more than a dozen uprisings during her reign and led the way in embracing the latest medical practices. She was even an early endorser of inoculations, receiving a dose of smallpox inoculation despite the controversy surrounding it. While she vastly expanded Russia’s territory, like her predecessors, she did little to prevent or stop her people from suffering from extreme poverty. Catherine was fond of diamonds. The Bow necklace around her neck consists of a silver band of 27 cushion cut diamonds and a ribbon-shaped diamond-encrusted clasp. It is believed to have been specifically commissioned by Catherine between 1760 and 1780. Harris estimates it to be worth approximately £3.2 million. The emerald necklace in Catherine’s hand was also part of her treasured collection of jewels and is worth around £4 million today. Wu Zetian (624 - 705) Wu Zetian was born into a wealthy family and was unusually well-educated for a woman of her era as she was encouraged to read and learn about governmental affairs, writing, literature and music. At just 14 years old she was taken in to be an imperial concubine to Emperor Taizong between the years 598 and 649. Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between a man and a woman where the couple either doesn’t want to or can’t enter into a full marriage. However, as she began life at court, her beauty and intelligence inspired the emperor to make her his secretary. Wu began having an affair with the emperor’s son, Emperor Gaozong, and was summoned to be his zhaoyi (the highest-ranking concubine) after he married his wife. She fell pregnant but sadly lost her daughter shortly after birth. Some historians believe Wu may have actually killed her own baby to frame Empress Wang (Gaozong’s wife) as an act of jealously as she later accused Wang of the murder. Later, after forcing her son to yield his throne, Empress Regnant Wu proclaimed herself ruler of the “Zhou dynasty”. Wu was a very popular and loved monarch, despite the fact that she organised a series of murders, including some within her own family. But, she made many popular public reforms, some of which were directly suggested by her people, and led through a positive economic period that saw the Chinese living standards drastically improve. Wu Zeitan wears the Chinese Phoenix Crown (worth approximately £30 million). This type of crown was the traditional ceremonial headdress of female nobility in the Ming dynasty era and was decorated with figurines of phoenixes, dragons, clouds and flowers. The decadent headdress was made of gold, azure kingfisher feathers, pearls and other precious stones and weighed 2-3 kg. Boudica (AD 30 - 60) Boudica was a British queen who led a revolt against Roman rule in 60 CE. Her husband, Prasutagus, was the king of the Iceni which is now known as Norfolk. When he died, the Romans annexed his kingdom and humiliated his family. Because of this, Boudica raised a huge rebellion throughout East Anglia. She and her daughters, who have remained unnamed, became figureheads for the aggressive rebellion. Boudica’s popularity and influence riled a massive, devoted army. But, despite her army vastly outnumbering the Romans they lost the battle. It is thought by some historians that she committed suicide shortly after losing the war. However, some also think that she died from either shock, illness or battle wounds. Even today she is still considered a national heroine of England. A celtic torc similar to the one adorned by Boudica sold by Christie’s auction house for £22,500 in 2012. Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 - 1587) As the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, Mary became queen when she was just 6 days old after her father died of no discernible cause and reigned until her forced abdication in 1567. It is thought that she changed the spelling of her family name from Stewart to Stuart to make it easier for the French to pronounce before her marriage to Francis Dauphin in 1558. Well-educated, Mary was fluent in Latin, French and the Scots dialect of the Lowlands as well as being proficient in Italian, Spanish and Greek. She was also known to be very beautiful and maintained her smooth complexion by washing her face with white wine which was a very fashionable, and expensive, beauty routine at the time. One of her favourite pastimes was golf and it is believed that she coined the term ‘caddie’ as the military cadets would carry the clubs for royal players. However, there are records of her being considered cold-blooded for playing her favourite game just days after her husband's death. As a threat to the English throne, with many English Catholics supporting her, Mary was placed under an 18-year house arrest in England by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth. Eventually, Mary was sentenced to death for conspiring to kill Elizabeth. Her execution was famously botched as it took the executioner a few times to successfully behead her. To add to the traumatic beheading, Mary’s pet terrier had been hidden under her gown and ran around wailing after her head fell to the floor before laying in the pool of her blood. The crucifix in Mary’s hand was likely to have belonged to the queen as it was found in her bedroom. The religious cross was made from Silver, Ebony and Niello and is thought to be worth around £10,000 according to Harris. Mary’s pearl necklace and tiara are thought to be worth a cumulative £6 million. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558 - 1603), pearls were prized more than any other jewels as we were yet to be able to manufacture them artificially.
Insta-Queens
案例简介：有没有想过如果伊丽莎白女王一世或玛丽·安托瓦内特的Instagram今天还活着会是什么样子？或者他们今天的 “价值克的珠宝” 到底要花多少钱？ 别再奇怪了。钻石珠宝专家，钻石工厂，重新想象了一些历史上最有争议和最迷人的人物的肖像，并在短短的几段中总结了他们奇妙的生活故事。这些神奇的娱乐活动展示了玛丽·安托瓦内特，伊丽莎白女王一世，埃及艳后，布迪卡，吴泽坦，凯瑟琳大帝和苏格兰玛丽女王的新光-精确地再现了他们心爱的珠宝!埃及艳后 (公元前69-30年) 克娄巴特拉 (Cleopatra) 于公元前51年控制了埃及，是埃及最后一位在位法老。尽管她以传说中的美丽而闻名，但消息来源却反驳说，她的才智和社交技巧使她如此着迷。欧洲以外的许多作家和研究人员主要记得她是学者。 克娄巴特拉 (Cleopatra) 控制着她的描绘方式-经常根据政治需要改变她的演讲方式。有时，她会选择被展示为女神，而在埃及硬币上，她选择与父亲坚强的下巴一起展示，以提醒人们她的继承力量。埃及艳后聪明又精巧，在她的时代也被公认为时尚偶像。她以古怪的化妆风格和豪华的珠宝而闻名。事实上，她非常喜欢她的珠宝，有传言说她甚至沐浴在珠宝中。 钻石工厂的钻石珠宝顾问詹姆斯·哈里斯 (James Harris) 估计，以今天的货币计算，埃及艳后的珠宝衣领价值约为130万英镑。在此期间，这种大小和质量的项圈是由彩陶，金属或半宝石的各个元素制成的。 埃及艳后的纯金蛇形袖口 (今天价值约120,000英镑) 和戒指 (18,000英镑) 是当时的时尚宣言，对当今的珠宝时尚产生了持久的影响。 经过20年的统治，克娄巴特拉决定结束自己的生命 (与情人马克·安东尼 (Mark Anthony) 达成协议)，以避免因被当作罗马人的囚徒而受到羞辱。虽然没有具体证据，但最流行的理论是她允许埃及眼镜蛇咬她。她的死终结了埃及帝国。玛丽·安托瓦内特 (1755 - 1793) 玛丽·安东尼埃特 (Marie Antoniette) 以在法国挨饿的农民面前炫耀自己的奢侈生活方式以及背叛法国君主制以保护她的奥地利家庭而闻名。她的生活充斥着丑闻和阴谋。如今，她的名字与法国君主制道德权威的下降有关，她经常被用作财富和贪婪的象征。 1755年，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 出生于奥地利维也纳的公主，年仅14岁就嫁给了法国国王路易十六。路易斯被认为是一个软弱的政治人物，但在担任女王期间，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 试图以自己的方式恢复丈夫的政治权威。十几岁的时候，她的存在吸引了大批人群，因此广受欢迎并受到公众的喜爱。但是，她后来的脱节行为很快就削弱了她的良好声誉。 当她的人民遭受饥荒之苦时，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 委托了自己的童话花园 (Petit Hameau)，穿着价值数百万美元的礼服和珠宝-所有人都羡慕不已。她还卷入了引发法国大革命的丑闻，被称为 “钻石项链事件”。路易十五为他的妻子委托了一条项链，价值200万livres (请参阅安托瓦内特左手持有的项链) (今天约1500-1900万英镑)，该项链在1785年被盗。尽管女王实际上没有参与，但涉案人员使用玛丽·安托瓦内特 (Marie Antoinette) 的名字来促成丑闻。尽管如此，安托瓦内特 (Antoinette) 仍因丑闻而遭受八卦和嘲笑，这使她声名狼藉。 哈里斯估计安托瓦内特脖子上的珍珠项链价值30,000英镑。 伊丽莎白女王一世 (1533 - 1603) 伊丽莎白女王一世 (Queen Elizabeth I) 被称为 “处女女王”，是最后一位都铎君主。1566年，她无视议会强迫她结婚的企图，宣布她已嫁给自己的国家。作为亨利八世和安妮·博林的女儿，伊丽莎白有一个非常孤独和麻烦的童年。甚至有人声称，她的远方父亲经常斩首妻子，这促使她庄严地承诺永远不会结婚。 伊丽莎白非常聪明，精通英语，法语，拉丁语和意大利语。她还接受过艺术，音乐和书法方面的教育。她还是一位鼓舞人心的演讲者，并在战前演讲中唤醒了她的部下，以击败1588年的西班牙舰队 (当时最大的军队力量之一)。 然而，尽管她受过良好教育的职位和家庭权利，英国罗马天主教徒反抗她的统治，转而支持她的天主教堂兄玛丽，苏格兰女王，希望让英格兰再次成为天主教徒。为了捍卫自己的地位，伊丽莎白将玛丽软禁了18年，然后判处她死刑，因为她担心玛丽会威胁到她的王冠。 伊丽莎白的王冠很可能是用黄金和钻石、红宝石、祖母绿、蓝宝石、珐琅和梨制成的-根据詹姆斯的估计，它的价值约为100万英镑。伊丽莎白女王在肖像中佩戴的戒指几乎绝对属于女王 (根据发现地点)。 金戒指上装饰有白色钻石，珍珠母和表切红宝石。在挡板上找到的字母 “e” 和 “r” 代表伊丽莎白和里贾纳 (意思是女王)，而挡板的背面装饰有珐琅凤凰。今天购买的费用约为150,000英镑。 凯瑟琳大帝 (1729 - 1796) 凯瑟琳大帝认为自己是在位期间欧洲最开明的统治者之一。而且，即使在今天，许多历史学家也同意。尽管她实际上不是俄罗斯人，但她是俄罗斯有史以来执政时间最长的女性领导人。凯瑟琳于1729年出生于一位贫穷的普鲁士王子，她出生时的名字实际上是索菲·冯·安哈尔特·泽尔布斯特。她以受过良好教育，举止彬彬有礼和渴望取悦而闻名，她的前途光明。 她被选为与荷尔斯泰因-戈托普公爵卡尔·彼得·乌尔里希 (Karl Peter Ulrich) 结婚，彼得大帝的孙子，14岁时成为俄罗斯王位的继承人。他们在1745年8月结婚，索菲 (Sophie) 采用了凯瑟琳 (Catherine) 的名字，卡尔 (Karl) 将其改为彼得 (Peter)，以遵循传统。凯瑟琳和彼得的婚姻不稳定，在她继承王位之前已经过去了8年。虽然，有传言说她的长子和她的其他孩子也是私生子。 凯瑟琳的加冕典礼见证了俄罗斯帝国王冠的委托，尽管她在肖像中佩戴的王冠类似于较小的帝国王冠。帝国王冠由4,936颗钻石 (32,800克拉)，74颗珍珠和1颗红色尖晶石组成，价值1.5亿英镑。较小的帝国王冠在风格和工艺上与伟大的帝国王冠非常相似，只是更小，完全镶有钻石，是为保罗一世的配偶玛丽亚·费奥多罗芙娜皇后制作的，用于沙皇加冕。 最终，凯瑟琳在政变中推翻了她极其不受欢迎的丈夫的统治。1762年，凯瑟琳迅速收集了该国最强大的军事力量的支持，并安排了他在被囚禁中丧生的地方被捕。凯瑟琳 (Catherine) 统治期间经历了十多次起义，并引领了最新的医疗实践。她甚至是接种的早期代言人，尽管周围存在争议，但仍接受了一定剂量的天花接种。尽管她像前任一样大大扩大了俄罗斯的领土，但她并没有采取任何措施来阻止或阻止其人民遭受极端贫困的困扰。 凯瑟琳喜欢钻石。她脖子上的蝴蝶结项链由一条27颗垫层切割钻石的银带和一个带状镶钻扣组成。据信是1760年至1780年之间由凯瑟琳专门委托的。哈里斯估计它的价值约为320万英镑。凯瑟琳手中的翡翠项链也是她珍藏的珠宝的一部分，今天价值约400万英镑。 武则天 (624 - 705) 武则天出生于一个富裕的家庭，在鼓励她阅读和学习政府事务，写作，文学和音乐的过程中，她对那个时代的女性受过不同寻常的教育。 年仅14岁的她在598年至649年之间被视为太宗皇帝的贵妃。Concubinage是男人和女人之间的人际关系和性关系，夫妻俩不想或无法缔结完整的婚姻。然而，当她开始在法庭上生活时，她的美丽和智慧激发了皇帝任命她为秘书。 吴开始与皇帝的儿子高宗皇帝有染，并在与妻子结婚后被召唤为他的昭仪 (最高级别的conc妃)。她怀孕了，但不幸的是在出生后不久就失去了女儿。一些历史学家认为，吴可能实际上杀死了自己的孩子，以陷害王皇后 (高宗的妻子)，这是一种嫉妒的行为，因为她后来指控王被谋杀。 后来，在迫使儿子屈服后，吴皇后宣布自己是 “周朝” 的统治者。尽管她组织了一系列谋杀案，包括自己家庭中的一些谋杀案，但吴还是一位非常受欢迎和喜爱的君主。但是，她进行了许多受欢迎的公共改革，其中一些是她的人民直接提出的，并经历了一个积极的经济时期，中国的生活水平得到了极大的改善。 吴泽坦戴着中国凤凰皇冠 (价值约3000万英镑)。这种皇冠是明代女性贵族的传统礼仪头饰肮脏的时代，装饰着凤凰、龙、云和花的雕像。颓废的头饰由黄金、天蓝色翠鸟羽毛、珍珠和其他宝石制成，重量为2-3千克。 布迪卡 (公元30-60年) 布迪卡 (Boudica) 是一位英国女王，他在公元60年领导了反对罗马统治的起义。她的丈夫Prasutagus是Iceni的国王，现在被称为诺福克。当他去世时，罗马人吞并了他的王国并羞辱了他的家人。 因此，布迪卡 (Boudica) 在整个东安格利亚 (East Anglia) 发起了大规模叛乱。她和她的女儿们一直没有透露姓名，成为这场激进叛乱的领袖。Boudica的受欢迎程度和影响力激怒了一支庞大而忠诚的军队。但是，尽管她的军队大大超过了罗马人，但他们还是输掉了这场战斗。 一些历史学家认为她在战争失败后不久就自杀了。但是，有些人还认为她死于休克，疾病或战伤。即使在今天，她仍然被认为是英国的民族女英雄。 克里斯蒂拍卖行以22,500 2012年英镑的价格出售了一种类似于Boudica装饰的凯尔特人的torc。 玛丽，苏格兰女王 (1542 - 1587) 作为苏格兰国王詹姆斯五世唯一幸存的合法孩子，玛丽在父亲因无缘无故去世并统治直到1567年被迫退位后仅6天成为女王。据认为，她将姓氏的拼写从斯图尔特 (Stewart) 更改为斯图尔特 (Stuart)，以使法国人在1558年与弗朗西斯·多芬 (Francis Dauphin) 结婚之前更容易发音。 受过良好教育的玛丽精通拉丁语，法语和低地的苏格兰方言，并且精通意大利语，西班牙语和希腊语。众所周知，她非常漂亮，通过用白葡萄酒洗脸来保持光滑的肤色，这在当时是一种非常时尚且昂贵的美容习惯。她最喜欢的消遣之一是高尔夫，据信她创造了 “球童” 一词，因为军校学员会为皇家球员携带俱乐部。然而，有记录表明，她在丈夫去世几天后就因玩自己喜欢的游戏而被冷血。 作为对英国王位的威胁，在许多英国天主教徒的支持下，玛丽被她的堂兄伊丽莎白女王在英格兰软禁了18年。最终，玛丽因密谋杀害伊丽莎白而被判处死刑。由于execution子手几次成功将她斩首，因此她的处决遭到了失败。更重要的是，玛丽的宠物犬被藏在她的长袍下，在她的头掉到地板上后哭泣，然后躺在血泊中。 玛丽手中的十字架很可能属于女王，因为它是在她的卧室里发现的。根据哈里斯的说法，这个宗教十字架是由银、乌木和尼洛制成的，据认为价值约10,000 gb。玛丽的珍珠项链和头饰被认为累计价值600万英镑。在伊丽莎白女王 (1558 - 1603) 统治期间，珍珠比其他任何珠宝都更珍贵，因为我们还无法人工制造它们。
Insta-Queens
案例简介：Ever wondered what Queen Elizabeth I or Marie Antoinette's Instagram might look like if they were alive today? Or exactly how much their 'Gram-worthy jewels would cost today? Well, wonder no more. Diamond jewellery specialists, Diamonds Factory, have re-imagined the portraits of some of history’s most controversial and fascinating personas and summarised their fantastic life stories in just a few short paragraphs. These magical recreations show Marie Antoinette, Queen Elizabeth I, Cleopatra, Boudica, Wu Zeitan, Catherine the Great and Mary Queen of Scots in a new light - with accurate recreations of their beloved jewels! Cleopatra (69 - 30 BC) Cleopatra assumed control of Egypt in 51 BC and was the last reigning pharaoh of Egypt. Although she was renowned for her fabled beauty, sources contradict that her intelligence and social skills were what made her so mesmerising. Many writers and researchers outside of Europe remembered her primarily as a scholar. Cleopatra controlled the way she was portrayed - often changing her presentation according to political needs. Sometimes, she would choose to be shown as a Goddess, while on Egyptian coins she chose to be shown with her father’s strong jawline to remind people of her inherited power. Smart and calculated, Cleopatra was also recognised as a fashion icon during her time. She was well-known for her eccentric makeup style and luxurious jewellery. In fact, she was so fond of her jewels that it’s rumoured she even bathed in them. James Harris, Diamond Jewellery Consultant at Diamonds Factory estimates that in today’s currency, Cleopatra’s jewelled collar would be worth approximately £1.3 million. Collars of this size and quality in this period were crafted from individual elements of faience, metal, or semi-precious stone. Cleopatra’s solid gold serpentine cuff (worth approximately £120,000 today) and ring (£18,000) were fashion statements at the time which have had a lasting impact on jewellery fashion today. After ruling for 20 years, Cleopatra decided to take her own life (in a pact with her lover, Mark Anthony) in order to avoid being humiliated by being paraded as a prisoner of the Romans. While there’s no concrete evidence, the most popular theory is that she allowed an Egyptian cobra to bite her. Her death ended the Egyptian empire. Marie Antoinette (1755 - 1793) Marie Antoniette is known for flaunting her lavish lifestyle in front of France’s starving peasants and for betraying the French monarchy to protect her Austrian family. Her life was rife with scandal and intrigue. Nowadays, her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy and she is often used as a symbol of wealth and greed. Born a princess in Vienna, Austria, in 1755, Antoinette was married off to French King Louis XVI at just 14 years old. Louis was seen as a weak political figure, but, during her time as queen, Antoinette attempted to restore her husband’s political authority in the ways she could. As a teenager, she was hugely popular and well-loved by the public with her presence summoning masses of crowds. But, her later out of touch behaviours quickly diminished her good reputation. While her people suffered tremendously from famine, Antoinette commissioned her own fairytale garden (Petit Hameau) and wore gowns and jewels that were worth millions - much the envy of everyone. She was also involved in the scandal which sparked the French Revolution, known as ‘The Affair of the Diamond Necklace’. Louis XV commissioned a necklace for his wife worth two million livres (see the necklace held in Antoinette’s left hand) (around £15-19 million today) which was stolen in 1785. Those involved used the name of Marie Antoinette to facilitate the scandal, though the Queen actually had no involvement. Despite this, Antoinette suffered gossip and ridicule as a result of the scandal which contributed to her terrible reputation. Harris estimates the worth of the pearl necklace around Antoinette’s neck would be worth £30,000. Queen Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603) Queen Elizabeth I, famously known as the ‘Virgin Queen’, was the last Tudor monarch. In 1566 she defied parliament’s attempts to force her to marry, declaring that she was married to her country. As the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boelyn, Elizabeth had a very lonely and troubled childhood. It’s even alleged that her distant father’s frequent beheading of his wives prompted her solemn promise to never marry. Elizabeth was highly intelligent and fluent in English, French, Latin and Italian. She was also educated in arts, music and calligraphy. She was also an inspiring speaker and roused her men in a pre-battle speech to defeat the Spanish Armada (one of the greatest army powers at the time) in 1588. However, despite her well-educated position and her family entitlement, English Roman Catholics rebelled against her reign and instead supported her Catholic cousin Mary, Queen of Scotland, in the hopes of making England Catholic once more. To defend her position, Elizabeth placed Mary under an 18-year house arrest before sentencing her to death as she feared Mary would be a threat to her crown. Elizabeth’s crown would have likely been made of gold with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, enamel and pears -and be worth around £1 million based on James’ estimations. The ring worn by Queen Elizabeth in the portrait almost definitely actually belonged to the queen (based upon where it was found). The gold ring is adorned with white diamonds, mother-of-pearl and table-cut rubies. The letters ‘E’ and ‘R’ found on the bezel stand for Elizabeth and Regina (meaning queen), while the back of the bezel is decorated with an enamel phoenix. This would cost around £150,000 to purchase today. Catherine the Great (1729 – 1796) Catherine the Great considered herself to be one of the most enlightened rulers in Europe during her reign. And, even today, many historians agree. Although she wasn’t actually Russian, she was the longest-ruling female leader Russia ever had. Catherine was born to an impoverished Prussian prince in 1729, her name at birth was actually Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst. Known for being well-educated, well-mannered and eager to please, she had a bright future ahead of her. She was chosen to marry Karl Peter Ulrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, grandson of Peter the Great and heir to the throne of Russia at age 14. They got married in August 1745 and Sophie adopted the name Catherine and Karl changed his to Peter to follow tradition. Catherine and Peter had an unstable marriage and 8 years passed before she bore an heir to the throne. Although, it’s rumoured that her eldest son was illegitimate along with her other children too. Catherine’s coronation saw the commission of the imperial crown of Russia, though the crown she is wearing in the portrait resembles the lesser imperial crown. The imperial crown consists of 4,936 diamonds (32,800 carats), 74 pearls and 1 red spinel and is worth £150 million. The Lesser Imperial Crown was very similar in style and workmanship to the Great Imperial Crown, only smaller and entirely set with diamonds, made for Empress Maria Feodorovna, the consort of Paul I, that was used for the coronation of the Tsarina. Eventually, Catherine overthrew her extremely unpopular husband’s rule in a coup. In 1762, Catherine quickly gathered the support of the country’s most powerful military forces and arranged for his arrest where he died in captivity. Catherine faced down more than a dozen uprisings during her reign and led the way in embracing the latest medical practices. She was even an early endorser of inoculations, receiving a dose of smallpox inoculation despite the controversy surrounding it. While she vastly expanded Russia’s territory, like her predecessors, she did little to prevent or stop her people from suffering from extreme poverty. Catherine was fond of diamonds. The Bow necklace around her neck consists of a silver band of 27 cushion cut diamonds and a ribbon-shaped diamond-encrusted clasp. It is believed to have been specifically commissioned by Catherine between 1760 and 1780. Harris estimates it to be worth approximately £3.2 million. The emerald necklace in Catherine’s hand was also part of her treasured collection of jewels and is worth around £4 million today. Wu Zetian (624 - 705) Wu Zetian was born into a wealthy family and was unusually well-educated for a woman of her era as she was encouraged to read and learn about governmental affairs, writing, literature and music. At just 14 years old she was taken in to be an imperial concubine to Emperor Taizong between the years 598 and 649. Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship between a man and a woman where the couple either doesn’t want to or can’t enter into a full marriage. However, as she began life at court, her beauty and intelligence inspired the emperor to make her his secretary. Wu began having an affair with the emperor’s son, Emperor Gaozong, and was summoned to be his zhaoyi (the highest-ranking concubine) after he married his wife. She fell pregnant but sadly lost her daughter shortly after birth. Some historians believe Wu may have actually killed her own baby to frame Empress Wang (Gaozong’s wife) as an act of jealously as she later accused Wang of the murder. Later, after forcing her son to yield his throne, Empress Regnant Wu proclaimed herself ruler of the “Zhou dynasty”. Wu was a very popular and loved monarch, despite the fact that she organised a series of murders, including some within her own family. But, she made many popular public reforms, some of which were directly suggested by her people, and led through a positive economic period that saw the Chinese living standards drastically improve. Wu Zeitan wears the Chinese Phoenix Crown (worth approximately £30 million). This type of crown was the traditional ceremonial headdress of female nobility in the Ming dynasty era and was decorated with figurines of phoenixes, dragons, clouds and flowers. The decadent headdress was made of gold, azure kingfisher feathers, pearls and other precious stones and weighed 2-3 kg. Boudica (AD 30 - 60) Boudica was a British queen who led a revolt against Roman rule in 60 CE. Her husband, Prasutagus, was the king of the Iceni which is now known as Norfolk. When he died, the Romans annexed his kingdom and humiliated his family. Because of this, Boudica raised a huge rebellion throughout East Anglia. She and her daughters, who have remained unnamed, became figureheads for the aggressive rebellion. Boudica’s popularity and influence riled a massive, devoted army. But, despite her army vastly outnumbering the Romans they lost the battle. It is thought by some historians that she committed suicide shortly after losing the war. However, some also think that she died from either shock, illness or battle wounds. Even today she is still considered a national heroine of England. A celtic torc similar to the one adorned by Boudica sold by Christie’s auction house for £22,500 in 2012. Mary, Queen of Scots (1542 - 1587) As the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, Mary became queen when she was just 6 days old after her father died of no discernible cause and reigned until her forced abdication in 1567. It is thought that she changed the spelling of her family name from Stewart to Stuart to make it easier for the French to pronounce before her marriage to Francis Dauphin in 1558. Well-educated, Mary was fluent in Latin, French and the Scots dialect of the Lowlands as well as being proficient in Italian, Spanish and Greek. She was also known to be very beautiful and maintained her smooth complexion by washing her face with white wine which was a very fashionable, and expensive, beauty routine at the time. One of her favourite pastimes was golf and it is believed that she coined the term ‘caddie’ as the military cadets would carry the clubs for royal players. However, there are records of her being considered cold-blooded for playing her favourite game just days after her husband's death. As a threat to the English throne, with many English Catholics supporting her, Mary was placed under an 18-year house arrest in England by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth. Eventually, Mary was sentenced to death for conspiring to kill Elizabeth. Her execution was famously botched as it took the executioner a few times to successfully behead her. To add to the traumatic beheading, Mary’s pet terrier had been hidden under her gown and ran around wailing after her head fell to the floor before laying in the pool of her blood. The crucifix in Mary’s hand was likely to have belonged to the queen as it was found in her bedroom. The religious cross was made from Silver, Ebony and Niello and is thought to be worth around £10,000 according to Harris. Mary’s pearl necklace and tiara are thought to be worth a cumulative £6 million. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth (1558 - 1603), pearls were prized more than any other jewels as we were yet to be able to manufacture them artificially.
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